Infectious Disease Assays
Our extensive assay menu helps physicians make timely, informed decisions throughout the continuum of care.
Viral hepatitis is a global health burden and leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma.1,5 Five different viruses are linked to hepatitis, most common of which are Hepatitis A (HAV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV). In 2019, 296 million people were living with HBV and 58 million people with chronic HCV infection,2 and many were unaware they are infected. Hepatitis can be prevented, effectively treated and in the case of HCV, is curable. When HCV patients are treated with the new and highly effective pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA)3 therapies, it is estimated that 95% of persons with HCV can be cured.4,5 The high rate of asymptomatic infections makes timely Hepatitis diagnosis challenging and diagnostic testing remains the first critical step.
Abbott supports laboratories with a harmonized family of innovative systems, including Alinity and ARCHITECT. These systems provide scalable and flexible testing options needed to support HAV, HBV and HCV patient management. Together with the AlinIQ Digital Health Solutions from Abbott, these solutions help streamline your laboratory operations to support hepatitis elimination efforts.
In 1972, Abbott launched its first hepatitis test and scientists and market experts are continuously working together to solve today’s challenges, understand future needs and eliminate gaps in the diagnosis of hepatitis infected patients and in our overall health care community.
Every laboratory requires a high-quality test menu to help meet requirements for reliable, accurate and precise immunoassay testing results. Our HAV, HBV and HCV assays are designed to overcome the hepatitis diagnostic challenges and help streamline laboratory operations to support hepatitis elimination goals.
In addition, our assay design is not susceptible to biotin interference.6
Since symptomatic hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections can be clinically indistinguishable from infection with hepatitis B or C virus, serological testing is an important tool to achieve proper diagnosis. During the acute phase of HAV infection, anti-HAV IgM appears in the patient’s serum and is nearly always detectable at the onset of symptoms.7-10
In most cases, anti-HAV IgM response usually peaks within the first month of illness and can persist for up to six months.11,12 The presence of anti-HAV IgG, with a nonreactive anti-HAV IgM test result, implies past infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) or vaccination against HAV.13
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HAVAb IgG assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of IgG antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgG anti-HAV) in human serum and plasma on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HAVAb IgG assay is to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of hepatitis A viral infection or detection of IgG anti-HAV.14, 15
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HAVAb IgM assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) in human serum and plasma on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HAVAb IgM assay is to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of acute or recent hepatitis A viral infection. 16, 17
During infection, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) produces an excess of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which can be detected in the blood of infected individuals. It is responsible for binding the virus to the liver cells and is the target structure of neutralizing antibodies.18,19 HBsAg assays are routinely used to aid in the diagnosis of suspected hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection and to monitor the status of infected individuals, i.e., to determine whether the patient’s infection has resolved or if the patient has developed a chronic HBV infection.20
For the diagnosis of acute or chronic hepatitis, HBsAg reactivity should be correlated with patient history and the presence of other hepatitis B serological markers. A sample which is found to be repeatedly reactive should be confirmed by a neutralizing confirmatory test utilizing human anti-HBs.
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBsAg Next Qualitative assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human serum and plasma, including specimens collected post-mortem (non-heart-beating), on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. The HBsAg Next Qualitative assay is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and as a screening test to prevent transmission of HBV to recipients of blood, blood components, cells, tissue, and organs. 21, 22
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBsAg Next Confirmatory assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the confirmation of the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human serum and plasma, including specimens collected post-mortem (non-heart-beating), by means of specific antibody neutralization on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. The HBsAg Next Confirmatory assay is intended to be used for the confirmation of samples found to be repeatedly reactive by the HBsAg Next Qualitative assay. 23, 24
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBsAg assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the quantitative determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human serum and plasma on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems.25, 26
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBsAg Confirmatory V.1 assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the confirmation of the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human serum and plasma by means of specific antibody neutralization on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems.27, 28
Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) determinations can be used to monitor the progress of hepatitis B viral infection. HBeAg is first detectable in the early phase of hepatitis B viral infection, after the appearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).29 The titers of both antigens rise rapidly during the period of viral replication in acute infection. The presence of HBeAg correlates with increased numbers of infectious virus (Dane particles), the occurrence of core particles in the nucleus of the hepatocyte, and the presence of hepatitis B virus specific DNA and DNA polymerase in serum.29
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBeAg assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) for the qualitative detection of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in human serum and plasma and is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis B viral infection. The Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBeAg assays can also be used for the quantitative determination of HBeAg. Refer to Alinity i and ARCHITECT HBeAg Quantitative Calibrators package inserts (09P1001 and 7P24-01 respectively) for instructions and further information. 30, 31
Viral specific IgM antibody has been detected in most acute HBV viral infections and is a reliable marker of acute disease. The concentrations of anti-HBc IgM rise rapidly in patients with acute infection; high levels of anti-HBc IgM have been detected in patients with acute hepatitis B viral infection while low levels may be detected during the course of a chronic infection.32-37
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBc IgM assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) in human serum and plasma on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems, The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBc IgM assays are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of acute or recent hepatitis B viral infection. 38, 39
Anti-HBc determinations can be used as an indicator of current or past HBV infection. Anti-HBc is found in serum after the appearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in acute HBV infections. It will persist after the disappearance of HBsAg and before the appearance of detectable antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs).40-46 In the absence of information about any other HBV markers, it must be considered that an individual with detectable levels of anti-HBc may be actively infected with HBV or that the infection may have resolved.47
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBc II assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in human serum and plasma, including specimens collected post-mortem (non-heart beating) on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBc II assays are intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of hepatitis B infection and as a screening test to prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to recipients of blood, blood components, cells, tissue and organs. 48, 49
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) are found in association with hepatitis B viral infection.50 HBeAg is first detectable in the early phase of hepatitis B viral infection, shortly after the appearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).29
Seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe during acute hepatitis B infection is usually indicative of resolution of infection and a reduced level of infectivity. A negative HBeAg result may indicate (1) early acute infection before the peak of viral replication or (2) early convalescence when HBeAg has declined below detectable levels. The presence of anti-HBe serves to distinguish between these two phases.51 Patients with chronic hepatitis B may often be positive for anti-HBe.37
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBe assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) in human serum and plasma on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBe assay is to be used as an aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis B viral infection. 52, 53
The Anti-HBs assay determines the concentration of antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) present in human serum and plasma. Anti-HBs assays are often used to monitor the success of Hepatitis B vaccination. The presence of anti-HBs has been shown to be important in protection against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 54
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HBs assays are a Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassays (CMIA) for the quantitative determination of antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in human serum and plasma on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems. 55, 56
HCV Serological testing involves detection of antibodies to the HCV (anti-HCV) and HCV antigen (Ag). In general, antibodies to HCV are absent in the early weeks of infection and are not detected until approximately 6-10 weeks after infection. The presence of anti-HCV indicates that an individual may have been infected with HCV, may harbor infectious HCV, and/or may be capable of transmitting HCV infection.57
An HCV Ag assay can detect acute HCV infection in newly infected individuals who are seronegative for antibodies to HCV due to the delayed response of HCV specific antibodies. In anti-HCV positive individuals, HCV Ag is a marker for active viral replication.58-60 HCV Ag assays are used as an aid in the diagnosis of suspected HCV infection and to monitor the status of infected individuals, i.e., whether the patient’s infection has resolved, or the patient has developed a chronic HCV infection.
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HCV assays are a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) used for the qualitative detection of antibody to Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in human serum and plasma, including specimens collected post mortem (non-heart beating) on the Alinity i and ARCHITECT systems.
The Alinity i and ARCHITECT Anti-HCV assays are intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Hepatitis C infection and as a screening test to prevent transmission of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) to recipients of blood, blood components, cells, tissue, and organs.61, 62
The ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay is a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) for the quantitative determination of Hepatitis C virus core antigen in human serum and plasma.63
Alinity is your total laboratory solution, a unified, holistic family of systems designed to deliver unprecedented integration across your laboratory. The HAV, HBV and HCV assays are available on the Alinity i, a compact, immunoassay system that maximizes throughput and processes more tests per square meter than most systems, making it one of the most efficient on the market today.
Alinity is transforming labs around the world with clinical chemistry, immunoassay, and integrated systems. To discover more visit the Alinity ci-series page.
Abbott’s HAV, HBV and HCV assays are also available on the high-throughput ARCHITECT i2000SR system, which can produce over 4,000 results in 24 hours, with a 29 minute time to first result.
The ARCHITECT i2000SR and i1000SR meet your laboratory’s high standards. For additional test menu, system specifications and resources visit the ARCHITECT Immunoassay Systems page.
In addition to finding the hepatitis learing guide explore additional Abbott learning guides that help to build key laboratory competencies.
Our extensive assay menu helps physicians make timely, informed decisions throughout the continuum of care.
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